Abstract—These instructions give you guidelines for
preparing papers for IEEE Transactions and Journals. Use this document
as a template if you are using Microsoft Word 6.0 or later. Otherwise,
use this document as an instruction set. The electronic file of your paper will
be formatted further at IEEE. Paper titles should be written in uppercase and
lowercase letters, not all uppercase. Avoid writing long formulas with
subscripts in the title; short formulas that identify the elements are fine
(e.g., "Nd–Fe–B"). Do not write “(Invited)” in the title. Full names
of authors are preferred in the author field, but are not required. Put a space
between authors’ initials. Define all symbols used in the abstract. Do not cite
references in the abstract. Do not delete the blank line immediately above the
abstract; it sets the footnote at the bottom of this column.
Index Terms—Enter key words or
phrases in alphabetical order, separated by commas. For a list of suggested
keywords, send a blank e-mail to keywords@ieee.org or visit http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/ani_prod/keywrd98.txt
I. INTRODUCTION
T
|
HIS
document is a template for Microsoft Word versions 6.0 or later. If you
are reading a paper or PDF version of this document, please download the
electronic file,
TRANS-JOUR.DOC, from the IEEE Web site athttp://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html so you can use it to prepare your manuscript. If you would prefer to use LATEX, download IEEE’s LATEX style and sample files from the same Web page. Use these LATEX files for formatting, but please follow the instructions in TRANS-JOUR.DOC or TRANS-JOUR.PDF.
TRANS-JOUR.DOC, from the IEEE Web site athttp://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html so you can use it to prepare your manuscript. If you would prefer to use LATEX, download IEEE’s LATEX style and sample files from the same Web page. Use these LATEX files for formatting, but please follow the instructions in TRANS-JOUR.DOC or TRANS-JOUR.PDF.
If your paper is intended for a conference, please contact your conference editor
concerning acceptable word processor formats for your particular conference.
II. Guidelines For Manuscript Preparation
When you open TRANS-JOUR.DOC, select “Page Layout” from the
“View” menu in the menu bar (View | Page Layout), (these instructions assume MS
6.0. Some versions may have alternate ways to access the same functionalities
noted here). Then, type over sections of TRANS-JOUR.DOC or cut and paste from
another document and use markup styles. The pull-down style menu is at the left
of the Formatting Toolbar at the top of your Word window (for example,
the style at this point in the document is “Text”). Highlight a section that
you want to designate with a certain style, then select the appropriate name on
the style menu. The style will adjust your fonts and line spacing. Do not change the font sizes or line spacing
to squeeze more text into a limited number of pages.Use italics for
emphasis; do not underline.
To insert images in Word, position the cursor at the
insertion point and either use Insert | Picture | From File or copy the image
to the Windows clipboard and then Edit | Paste Special | Picture (with “float
over text” unchecked).
IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper. If your paper is
intended for a conference, please observe the conference page limits.
A. Abbreviations and Acronyms
Define abbreviations and acronyms the
first time they are used in the text, even after they have already been defined
in the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, ac, and dc do not have to be
defined. Abbreviations that incorporate periods should not have spaces: write
“C.N.R.S.,” not “C. N. R. S.” Do not use abbreviations in the title unless they
are unavoidable (for example, “IEEE” in the title of this article).
B. Other Recommendations
Use one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate complex
modifiers: “zero-field-cooled magnetization.” Avoid dangling participles, such
as, “Using (1), the potential was calculated.” [It is not clear who or what
used (1).] Write instead, “The potential was calculated by using (1),” or
“Using (1), we calculated the potential.”
Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use “cm3,”
not “cc.” Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm ´ 0.2 cm,” not “0.1 ´ 0.2
cm2.” The abbreviation for “seconds” is “s,” not “sec.” Use “Wb/m2”
or “webers per square meter,” not “webers/m2.” When expressing a
range of values, write “7 to 9” or “7-9,” not “7~9.”
A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is punctuated
outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A parenthetical sentence is
punctuated within the parentheses.) In American English, periods and commas are
within quotation marks, like “this period.” Other punctuation is “outside”!
Avoid contractions; for example, write “do not” instead of “don’t.” The serial
comma is preferred: “A, B, and C” instead of “A, B and C.”
If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or plural
and use the active voice (“I observed that ...” or “We observed that ...”
instead of “It was observed that ...”). Remember to check spelling. If your
native language is not English, please get a native English-speaking colleague
to carefully proofread your paper.
C. How to Create a PostScript File
First, download a PostScript printer driver from http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/pdrvwin.htm
(for Windows) or from http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/
pdrvmac.htm (for Macintosh) and install the “Generic PostScript Printer”
definition. In Word, paste your
figure into a new document. Print to a file using the PostScript printer
driver. File names should be of the form “fig5.ps.” Use Open Type fonts when
creating your figures, if possible. A listing of the acceptable fonts are as
follows: Open Type Fonts: Times Roman, Helvetica, Helvetica Narrow, Courier,
Symbol, Palatino, Avant Garde, Bookman, Zapf Chancery, Zapf Dingbats, and New
Century Schoolbook.
III. MATH
If you are using Word, use either the Microsoft Equation
Editor or the MathType add-on (http://www.mathtype.com) for equations in
your paper (Insert | Object | Create New | Microsoft Equation orMathType
Equation). “Float over text” should not be selected.
A. Equations
Number equations consecutively with equation numbers in
parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). First use the equation
editor to create the equation. Then select the “Equation” markup style. Press
the tab key and write the equation number in parentheses. To make your
equations more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp function, or
appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to avoid ambiguities in denominators.
Punctuate equations when they are part of a sentence, as in
(1)
Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined
before the equation appears or immediately following. Italicize symbols (T
might refer to temperature, but T is the unit tesla). Refer to “(1),” not “Eq.
(1)” or “equation (1),” except at the beginning of a sentence: “Equation (1) is
... .”
IV. Units
Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units are
strongly encouraged.) English units may be used as secondary units (in
parentheses). This applies to papers in
data storage. For example, write “15 Gb/cm2 (100 Gb/in2).”
An exception is when English units are used as identifiers in trade, such as
“3½-in disk drive.” Avoid combining SI and CGS units, such as current in
amperes and magnetic field in oersteds. This often leads to confusion because
equations do not balance dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, clearly
state the units for each quantity in an equation.
The SI unit for magnetic field strength H is A/m. However,
if you wish to use units of T, either refer to magnetic flux density B
or magnetic field strength symbolized as µ0H. Use the center
dot to separate compound units, e.g., “A·m2.”
V. Some Common Mistakes
The word “data” is plural, not singular. The subscript for the
permeability of vacuum µ0 is zero, not a lowercase letter “o.” The
term for residual magnetization is “remanence”; the adjective is “remanent”; do
not write “remnance” or “remnant.” Use the word “micrometer” instead of
“micron.” A graph within a graph is an “inset,” not an “insert.” The word
“alternatively” is preferred to the word “alternately” (unless you really mean
something that alternates). Use the word “whereas” instead of “while” (unless
you are referring to simultaneous events). Do not use the word “essentially” to
mean “approximately” or “effectively.” Do not use the word “issue” as a
euphemism for “problem.” When compositions are not specified, separate chemical
symbols by en-dashes; for example, “NiMn” indicates the intermetallic compound
Ni0.5Mn0.5 whereas “Ni–Mn” indicates an alloy of some
composition NixMn1-x.
Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones “affect”
(usually a verb) and “effect” (usually a noun), “complement” and “compliment,”
“discreet” and “discrete,” “principal” (e.g., “principal investigator”) and
“principle” (e.g., “principle of measurement”). Do not confuse “imply” and
“infer.”
Prefixes such as “non,” “sub,” “micro,” “multi,” and “ultra” are
not independent words; they should be joined to the words they modify, usually
without a hyphen. There is no period after the “et” in the Latin abbreviation “et
al.” (it is also italicized). The abbreviation “i.e.,” means “that is,” and
the abbreviation “e.g.,” means “for example” (these abbreviations are not
italicized).
A general IEEE styleguide is available at http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html
VI.
Guidelines for Graphics Preparation
and Submission
A. Types of Graphics
The following
list outlines the different types of graphics published in IEEE journals. They
are categorized based on their construction, and use of color / shades of gray:
1) Color/Grayscale figures
Figures that are meant to appear in color, or
shades of black/gray. Such figures may include photographs,
illustrations, multicolor graphs, and flowcharts.
2) Lineart figures
Figures that are composed of only black lines and shapes. These figures should have no shades or half-tones of gray. Only black and white.
3) Author photos
Head and shoulders shots of authors which appear at the end of our papers.
4)
Tables
Data charts which are typically
black and white, but sometimes include color.
B. Multipart figures
Figures compiled of more than one sub-figure presented
side-by-side, or stacked. If a multipart figure is made up of multiple figure
types (one part is lineart, and another is grayscale or color) the figure
should meet the stricter guidelines.
C. File Formats For Graphics
Format and save
your graphics using a suitable graphics processing program that will allow you
to create the images as PostScript (PS), Encapsulated PostScript (.EPS), Tagged
Image File Format (.TIFF), Portable Document Format (.PDF), or Portable Network
Graphics (.PNG) sizes them, and adjusts the resolution settings. If you created
your source files in one of the following programs you will be able to submit
the graphics without converting to a PS, EPS, TIFF, PDF, or PNG file: Microsoft
Word, Microsoft PowerPoint, or Microsoft Excel. Though it is not required, it
is recommended that these files be saved in PDF format rather than DOC, XLS, or
PPT. Doing so will protect your figures from common font and arrow stroke
issues that occur when working on the files across multiple platforms. When
submitting your final paper, your graphics should all be submitted individually
in one of these formats along with the manuscript.
D. Sizing of Graphics
Most charts,
graphs, and tables are one column wide (3.5 inches / 88 millimeters / 21 picas)
or page wide (7.16 inches / 181 millimeters / 43 picas). The maximum depth a
graphic can be is 8.5 inches (216 millimeters / 54 picas). When choosing the
depth of a graphic, please allow space for a caption. Figures can be sized
between column and page widths if the author chooses, however it is recommended
that figures are not sized less than column width unless when necessary.
There is
currently one publication with column measurements that don’t coincide with
those listed above. Proceedings of the
IEEE has a
column measurement of 3.25 inches (82.5 millimeters / 19.5 picas).
The final
printed size of author photographs is exactly
1 inch wide by 1.25 inches tall (25.4millimeters x 31.75 millimeters / 6 picas x 7.5 picas). Author photos printed in editorials measure 1.59 inches wide by 2 inches tall (40 millimeters x 50 millimeters / 9.5 picas x 12 picas).
1 inch wide by 1.25 inches tall (25.4millimeters x 31.75 millimeters / 6 picas x 7.5 picas). Author photos printed in editorials measure 1.59 inches wide by 2 inches tall (40 millimeters x 50 millimeters / 9.5 picas x 12 picas).
E. Resolution
The
proper resolution of your figures will depend on the type of figure it is as
defined in the “Types of Figures” section. Author photographs, color, and
grayscale figures should be at least 300dpi. Lineart, including tables should
be a minimum of 600dpi.
F. Vector Art
While
IEEE does accept, and even recommends that authors submit artwork in vector
format, it is our policy is to rasterize all figures for publication. This is
done in order to preserve the figures’ integrity across multiple computer platforms.
G. Color Space
The term color space refers to the entire sum of colors that can
be represented within the said medium. For our purposes, the three main color
spaces are Grayscale, RGB (red/green/blue) and CMYK (cyan/magenta/yellow/black).
RGB is generally used with on-screen graphics, whereas CMYK is used for
printing purposes.
All color
figures should be generated in RGB or CMYK color space. Grayscale images should
be submitted in Grayscale color space. Line art may be provided in grayscale OR
bitmap colorspace. Note that “bitmap colorspace” and “bitmap file format” are
not the same thing. When bitmap color space is selected, .TIF/.TIFF is the
recommended file format.
H. Accepted Fonts Within Figures
When preparing your graphics IEEE suggests
that you use of one of the following Open Type fonts: Times New Roman,
Helvetica, Arial, Cambria, and Symbol. If you are supplying EPS, PS, or PDF
files all fonts must be embedded. Some fonts may only be native to your
operating system; without the fonts embedded, parts of the graphic may be
distorted or missing.
A safe option when finalizing
your figures is to strip out the fonts before you save the files, creating
“outline” type. This converts fonts to artwork what will appear uniformly on
any screen.
I. Using Labels Within Figures
1) Figure Axis labels
Figure axis labels are often a source of
confusion. Use words rather than symbols. As an example, write the quantity
“Magnetization,” or “Magnetization M,” not just “M.” Put units in
parentheses. Do not label axes only with units. As in Fig. 1, for example,
write “Magnetization (A/m)” or “Magnetization (Am-1),” not just “A/m.” Do not label axes with a
ratio of quantities and units. For example, write “Temperature (K),” not
“Temperature/K.”
Multipliers can
be especially confusing. Write “Magnetization (kA/m)” or “Magnetization (103
A/m).” Do not write “Magnetization (A/m) ´ 1000” because the reader
would not know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1 meant 16000 A/m or 0.016
A/m. Figure labels should be legible, approximately 8 to 10 point type.
2) Subfigure Labels in Multipart Figures and Tables
Multipart figures should be combined and labeled before
final submission. Labels should appear centered below each subfigure in 8 point
Times New Roman font in the format of (a) (b) (c).
J. File Naming
Figures
(line artwork or photographs) should be named starting with the first 5 letters
of the author’s last name. The next characters in the filename should be the
number that represents the sequential location of this image in your article.
For example, in author “Anderson’s” paper, the first three figures would be
named ander1.tif, ander2.tif, and ander3.ps.
Tables
should contain only the body of the table (not the caption) and should be named
similarly to figures, except that ‘.t’ is inserted in-between the author’s name
and the table number. For example, author Anderson’s first three tables would
be named ander.t1.tif, ander.t2.ps, ander.t3.eps.
Author
photographs should be named using the first five characters of the pictured
author’s last name. For example, four author photographs for a paper may be
named: oppen.ps, moshc.tif, chen.eps, and duran.pdf.
If
two authors or more have the same last name, their first initial(s) can be
substituted for the fifth, fourth, third... letters of their surname until the
degree where there is differentiation. For example, two authors Michael and
Monica Oppenheimer’s photos would be namedoppmi.tif, and oppmo.eps.
K. Referencing a Figure or Table Within Your Paper
When referencing
your figures and tables within your paper, use the abbreviation “Fig.” even at
the beginning of a sentence. Do not abbreviate “Table.” Tables should be
numbered with Roman Numerals.
L. Checking Your Figures: The IEEE Graphics Checker
The IEEE
Graphics Checker Tool enables authors to pre-screen their graphics for
compliance with IEEE Transactions and Journals standards before submission. The
online tool, located at http://graphicsqc.ieee.org/,
allows authors to upload their graphics in order to check that each file is the
correct file format, resolution, size and colorspace; that no fonts are missing
or corrupt; that figures are not compiled in layers or have transparency, and
that they are named according to the IEEE Transactions and Journals naming
convention. At the end of this automated process, authors are provided with a
detailed report on each graphic within the web applet, as well as by email.
For more
information on using the Graphics Checker Tool
or any other graphics related topic, contact the IEEE Graphics Help Desk by e-mail at graphics@ieee.org.
or any other graphics related topic, contact the IEEE Graphics Help Desk by e-mail at graphics@ieee.org.
M. Submitting Your Graphics
Because IEEE
will do the final formatting of your paper,
you do not need to position figures and tables at the top and bottom of each column. In fact, all figures, figure captions, and tables can be placed at the end of your paper. In addition to, or even in lieu of submitting figures within your final manuscript, figures should be submitted individually, separate from the manuscript in one of the file formats listed above in section VI-J. Place figure captions below the figures; place table titles above the tables. Please do not include captions as part of the figures, or put them in “text boxes” linked to the figures. Also, do not place borders around the outside of your figures.
you do not need to position figures and tables at the top and bottom of each column. In fact, all figures, figure captions, and tables can be placed at the end of your paper. In addition to, or even in lieu of submitting figures within your final manuscript, figures should be submitted individually, separate from the manuscript in one of the file formats listed above in section VI-J. Place figure captions below the figures; place table titles above the tables. Please do not include captions as part of the figures, or put them in “text boxes” linked to the figures. Also, do not place borders around the outside of your figures.
N. Color Processing / Printing in IEEE Journals
All IEEE Transactions,
Journals, and Letters allow an author to publish color figures on IEEEXplore® at no charge, and
automatically convert them to grayscale for print versions. In most
journals, figures and tables may alternatively be printed in color if an author
chooses to do so. Please note that this service comes at an extra expense to
the author. If you intend to have print color graphics, include a note with
your final paper indicating which figures or tables you would like to be
handled that way, and stating that you are willing to pay the additional fee.
VII. Conclusion
A conclusion section is not required. Although a conclusion may review the main points of the paper, do not replicate the abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might elaborate on the importance of the work or suggest applications and extensions.
Appendix
Appendixes, if needed, appear before the acknowledgment.
Acknowledgment
The preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in American
English is without an “e” after the “g.” Use the singular heading even if you
have many acknowledgments. Avoid expressions such as “One of us (S.B.A.) would
like to thank ... .” Instead, write “F. A. Author thanks ... .”In most cases, sponsor and financial support
acknowledgments are placed in the unnumbered footnote on the first page, not
here.
References and Footnotes
A. References
References need not be cited in text. When they are, number
citations on the line, in square brackets inside the punctuation. Multiple references are each numbered with
separate brackets. When citing a section in a book, please give the relevant
page numbers. In text, refer simply to the reference number. Do not use “Ref.”
or “reference” except at the beginning of a sentence: “Reference [3] shows ...
.” Please do not use automatic endnotes in Word, rather, type the reference
list at the end of the paper using the “References” style.
Reference numbers are set flush left and form a
column of their own, hanging out beyond the body of the reference. The
reference numbers are on the line, enclosed in square brackets. In all references,
the given name of the author or editor is abbreviated to the initial only and
precedes the last name. Use them all; use et al. only if names are not
given. Use commas around Jr., Sr., and III in names. Abbreviate conference
titles. When citing IEEE transactions,
provide the issue number, page range, volume number, year,and/or month if
available. When referencing a patent, provide the day and the month of issue,
or application. References may not include all information; please obtain and
include relevant information. Do not combine references. There must be only one
reference with each number. If there is a URL included with the print
reference, it can be included at the end of the reference.
Other than books, capitalize only the
first word in a paper title, except for proper nouns and element symbols. For
papers published in translation journals, please give the English citation
first, followed by the original foreign-language citation See the end of this
document for formats and examples of common references. For a complete
discussion of references and their formats, see “The IEEE Style Manual,”
available as a PDF link off the Author
Digital Toolbox main page.
A. Footnotes
Number footnotes separately in superscripts (Insert | Footnote).[1]
Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the column in which it is cited; do
not put footnotes in the reference list (endnotes). Use letters for table
footnotes (see Table I).
VIII. Submitting Your Paper for Review
A. Review Stage Using Word 6.0 or Higher
If you want to submit your file with one column electronically,
please do the following:
--First, click
on the View menu and choose Print Layout.
--Second, place
your cursor in the first paragraph. Go to the Format menu, choose Columns,
choose one column Layout, and choose “apply to whole document” from the
dropdown menu.
--Third, click
and drag the right margin bar to just over 4 inches in width.
The graphics will stay in the “second” column, but you can drag
them to the first column. Make the graphic wider to push out any text that may
try to fill in next to the graphic.
B. Final Stage Using Word 6.0
When you submit your final version (after your paper has been
accepted), print it in two-column format, including figures and tables. You must
also send your final manuscript on a disk, via e-mail, or through a Web
manuscript submission system as directed by the society contact. You may use Zipfor
large files, or compress files using Compress, Pkzip, Stuffit, or Gzip.
Also, send a sheet of paper or PDF with complete contact
information for all authors. Include full mailing addresses, telephone numbers,
fax numbers, and e-mail addresses. This information will be used to send each
author a complimentary copy of the journal in which the paper appears. In
addition, designate one author as the “corresponding author.” This is the
author to whom proofs of the paper will be sent. Proofs are sent to the
corresponding author only.
C. Review Stage Using ScholarOne®Manuscripts
Contributions
to the Transactions,Journals, and Letters may be submitted electronically on
IEEE’s on-line manuscript submission and peer-review system, ScholarOne®
Manuscripts. You can get a listing of
the publications that participate in ScholarOneat http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/authors/authors_submission.htmlFirst check if you have an existing account. If there is
none, please create a new account. After logging in, go to your Author Center
and click “Submit First Draft of a New Manuscript.”
Along
with other information, you will be asked to select the subject from a
pull-down list. Depending on the journal, there are various steps to the
submission process; you must complete all steps for a complete submission. At
the end of each step you must click “Save and Continue”; just uploading the
paper is not sufficient. After the last step, you should see a confirmation
that the submission is complete. You should also receive an e-mail
confirmation. For inquiries regarding the submission of your paper on
ScholarOne Manuscripts, please contact oprs-support@ieee.org or call +1 732 465
5861.
ScholarOne Manuscripts will
accept files for review in various formats.
Please check the guidelines of the specific journal for which you plan
to submit.
You will be asked to file an
electronic copyright form immediately upon completing the submission process
(authors are responsible for obtaining any security clearances). Failure to
submit the electronic copyright could result in publishing delays later. You will also have the opportunity to
designate your article as “open access” if you agree to pay the IEEE open
access fee.
D. Final Stage Using ScholarOneManuscripts
Upon acceptance, you will
receive an email with specific instructions regarding the submission of your
final files. To avoid any delays in
publication, please be sure to follow these instructions. Most journals require that final submissions
be uploaded through ScholarOne Manuscripts, although some may still accept
final submissions via email. Final
submissions should include source files of your accepted manuscript, high
quality graphic files, and a formatted pdf file. If you have any questions regarding the final
submission process, please contact the administrative contact for the journal.
In
addition to this, upload a file with complete contact information for all
authors. Include full mailing addresses, telephone numbers, fax numbers, and
e-mail addresses. Designate the author who submitted the manuscript on
ScholarOne Manuscripts as the “corresponding author.” This is the only author
to whom proofs of the paper will be sent.
E. Copyright Form
An IEEE copyright form should accompany your final submission.
You can get a .pdf, .html, or .doc version at http://www.ieee.org/copyright.
Authors are responsible for obtaining any security clearances.
IX. Editorial Policy
Submission of a manuscript is not required for participation in a
conference. Do not submit a reworked version of a paper you have submitted or
published elsewhere. Do not publish “preliminary” data or results. The
submitting author is responsible for obtaining agreement of all coauthors and
any consent required from sponsors before submitting a paper. The IEEE
Transactions and Journals Department strongly discourages courtesy authorship.
It is the obligation of the authors to cite relevant prior work.
The IEEE Transactions and Journals Department does not publish
conference records or proceedings. The department does publish papers related
to conferences that have been recommended for publication on the basis of peer
review. As a matter of convenience and service to the technical community,
these topical papers are typically collected and published in one special issue
of mosttransactionspublications.
At least two reviews are required for every paper submitted. For
conference-related papers, the decision to accept or reject a paper is made by
the conference editors and publications committee; the recommendations of the
referees are advisory only. Indecipherable English is a valid reason for
rejection. There is a service available that will help you improve your English
for a fee, and the link to that service can be found at http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html. Authors of rejected papers may revise and
resubmit them as regular papers, whereupon they will be reviewed by two new
referees.
X. Publication Principles
The two types of contents of that are published are; 1)
peer-reviewed and 2) archival. The Transactions and Journals Department
publishes scholarly articles of archival value as well as tutorial expositions
and critical reviews of classical subjects and topics of current interest.
Authors should consider the following points:
1) Technical
papers submitted for publication must advance the state of knowledge and must
cite relevant prior work.
2) The
length of a submitted paper should be commensurate with the importance, or
appropriate to the complexity, of the work. For example, an obvious extension
of previously published work might not be appropriate for publication or might
be adequately treated in just a few pages.
3) Authors
must convince both peer reviewers and the editors of the scientific and
technical merit of a paper; the standards of proof are higher when
extraordinary or unexpected results are reported.
4) Because
replication is required for scientific progress, papers submitted for
publication must provide sufficient information to allow readers to perform
similar experiments or calculations and use the reported results. Although not
everything need be disclosed, a paper must contain new, useable, and fully
described information. For example, a specimen’s chemical composition need not
be reported if the main purpose of a paper is to introduce a new measurement
technique. Authors should expect to be challenged by reviewers if the results
are not supported by adequate data and critical details.
5) Papers
that describe ongoing work or announce the latest technical achievement, which
are suitable for presentation at a professional conference, may not be appropriate
for publication.
References
Basic format for books:
[1] J.
K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of His Published Book, xth
ed. City of Publisher, Country if not
[2]
USA: Abbrev. of Publisher, year, ch.x, sec. x, pp. xxx–xxx.
Examples:
[3] G.O.Young,“Syntheticstructureofindustrial plastics,”in
Plastics, 2nded.,
vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New
York:
McGraw-Hill,1964,pp.15–64.
[4]
W.-K.Chen,LinearNetworksandSystems.Belmont,
CA:Wadsworth, 1993,
pp.
123–135.
Basic format for periodicals:
[5] J.
K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical,
vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx-xxx, Abbrev. Month, year.
Examples:
[6] J.
U. Duncombe, “Infrared navigation—Part I: An assessment
of feasibility,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-11, no. 1, pp. 34–39, Jan. 1959.
of feasibility,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-11, no. 1, pp. 34–39, Jan. 1959.
[7] E.
P. Wigner, “Theory of traveling-wave optical laser,”Phys. Rev.,
vol. 134, pp. A635–A646, Dec. 1965.
vol. 134, pp. A635–A646, Dec. 1965.
[8] E.
H. Miller, “A note on reflector arrays,” IEEE
Trans.Antennas Propagat., to be published.
Basic format for reports:
[9] J.
K. Author, “Title of report,” Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev. State,
Rep. xxx, year.
Examples:
[10] E. E.
Reber, R. L. Michell, and C. J. Carter, “Oxygen absorption in the earth’s
atmosphere,” Aerospace Corp., LosAngeles, CA, Tech. Rep. TR-0200 (4230-46)-3,
Nov. 1988.
[11] J. H. Davis
and J. R. Cogdell, “Calibration program for the 16-foot antenna,” Elect. Eng.
Res. Lab., Univ. Texas, Austin, Tech. Memo. NGL-006-69-3, Nov. 15, 1987.
Basic format for handbooks:
[12] Name of Manual/Handbook, x ed., Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co.,
Abbrev. State, year, pp. xxx-xxx.
[13] Transmission Systems for Communications,
3rd ed., Western Electric Co., Winston-Salem, NC, 1985, pp. 44–60.
[14] Motorola Semiconductor Data Manual,
Motorola Semiconductor Products Inc., Phoenix, AZ, 1989.
Basic format for books (when available online):
[15] Author.(year,monthday).Title.(edition)[Typeofmedium].volume (issue).Available: site/path/file
Example:
Basic format for journals (when available online):
[17] Author. (year, month). Title.Journal.[Typeof medium].volume (issue), pages. Available: site/path/file
Example:
[18] R. J. Vidmar.
(1992, Aug.). On the use of atmospheric
plasmasaselectromagneticreflectors. IEEETrans. PlasmaSci.[Online].21(3),pp. 876–880. Available:http://www.halcyon.com/pub/journals/21ps03-vidmar
Basic format for paperspresented
at conferences (when available
online):
[19] Author.
(year,month).
Title. Presented at
Conference title. [Type
of Medium]. Available:
site/path/file
Example:
[20] PROCESS
Corp., MA.
Intranets: Internet technologies deployedbehindthefirewall
forcorporateproductivity. Presentedat
INET96AnnualMeeting.[Online].Available:http://home.process.com/Intranets/wp2.htp
INET96AnnualMeeting.[Online].Available:http://home.process.com/Intranets/wp2.htp
Basic format for reports and handbooks
(when available online):
[21] Author.
(year, month).
Title. Company.City,StateorCountry.[TypeofMedium].Available: site/path/file
Example:
[22] S. L.
Talleen.
(1996,Apr.). The Intranet
Archi-tecture: Managinginformation
in the new paradigm.AmdahlCorp.,
CA. [Online]. Available:http://www.amdahl.com/doc/products/bsg/intra/infra/html
Basic format for computerprograms andelectronicdocuments(when available online):ISOrecommendsthatcapitalizationfollowtheacceptedpracticefor thelanguage orscript in whichtheinformation
isgiven.
Example:
[23] A.Harriman.(1993,June).Compendiumofgenealogicalsoftware. Humanist.[Online].Availablee-mail: HUMANIST@NYVM.ORGMessage:
getGENEALOGY REPORT
Basic format for patents (when available online):
[24] Name of the
invention, by inventor’s name. (year, month day). Patent
Number [Type of medium]. Available:site/path/file
Example:
[25] Musical
toothbrush with adjustable neck and mirror, by L.M.R. Brooks. (1992, May 19). Patent D 326 189
[Online].
Available: NEXIS Library: LEXPAT File: DESIGN
Basic format for conference proceedings
(published):
[26] J.
K. Author, “Title of paper,” in Abbreviated Name of Conf.,
City of Conf., Abbrev. State (if given), year, pp. xxxxxx.
Example:
[27] D. B. Payne and
J. R.
Stern, “Wavelength-switched
pas- sivelycoupledsingle-mode
opticalnetwork,”in Proc. IOOC-ECOC,1985,
pp.585–590.
pp.585–590.
Example for paperspresentedat conferences(unpublished):
[28] D.EbehardandE.Voges,“Digitalsinglesidebanddetectionforinterferometricsensors,”presentedat the2ndInt.
Conf.OpticalFiberSensors,Stuttgart,Germany,Jan.2-5, 1984.
Basic formatfor patents:
[29] J. K.
Author, “Title of patent,” U.S. Patent x xxx xxx, Abbrev.
Month, day, year.
Example:
[30] G. Brandli and M. Dick, “Alternatingcurrent
fed power supply,”
U.S.Patent 4 084 217,Nov.4,1978.
U.S.Patent 4 084 217,Nov.4,1978.
Basic formatfor theses (M.S.) and dissertations (Ph.D.):
[31] J. K. Author,
“Title of thesis,” M.S. thesis, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ.,
Abbrev. State, year.
[32] J. K.
Author, “Title of dissertation,” Ph.D. dissertation, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev.
Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State,year.
Examples:
[33] J. O.
Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng.,
Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA,1993.
[34] N.
Kawasaki, “Parametric study of thermal and chemical nonequilibrium nozzle
flow,” M.S. thesis, Dept. Electron.Eng., Osaka Univ., Osaka, Japan, 1993.
Basic format for the most common types of unpublished references:
[35] J. K.
Author, private communication, Abbrev. Month, year.
[36] J. K.
Author, “Title of paper,” unpublished.
[37] J. K.
Author, “Title of paper,” to be published.
Examples:
[38] A.
Harrison, private communication, May 1995.
[39] B. Smith,
“An approach to graphs of linear forms,” unpublished.
[40] A. Brahms,
“Representation error for real numbers in binary computer arithmetic,” IEEE
Computer GroupRepository, Paper R-67-85.
Basic format for standards:
[41] Title of Standard, Standard number, date.
Examples:
[42] IEEE
Criteria for Class IE Electric Systems, IEEE Standard 308, 1969.
[43] Letter
Symbols for Quantities, ANSI Standard Y10.5-1968.
First A. Author
(M’76–SM’81–F’87) and the other authors may include biographies at the end of
regular papers. Biographies are often not included in conference-related
papers. This author became a Member (M) of IEEE in 1976, a Senior Member (SM)
in 1981, and a Fellow (F) in 1987. The
first paragraph may contain a place and/or date of birth (list place, then
date). Next, the author’s educational background is listed. The degrees should
be listed with type of degree in what field, which institution, city, state,
and country, and year the degree was earned. The author’s major field of study
should be lower-cased.
The
second paragraph uses the pronoun of the person (he or she) and not the
author’s last name. It lists military and work experience, including summer and
fellowship jobs. Job titles are capitalized. The current job must have a
location; previous positions may be listed without one. Information concerning
previous publications may be included. Try not to list more than three books or
published articles. The format for listing publishers of a book within the
biography is: title of book (city, state: publisher name, year) similar to a
reference. Current and previous research interests end the paragraph.
The third paragraph begins with the author’s title
and last name (e.g., Dr. Smith, Prof. Jones, Mr. Kajor, Ms. Hunter). List any
memberships in professional societies other than the IEEE. Finally, list any
awards and work for IEEE committees and publications. If a photograph is provided, the biography
will be indented around it. The photograph is placed at the top left of the
biography, and should be of good quality, professional-looking, and black and
white (see above example). Personal hobbies will be deleted from the biography.
Following are two examples of an author’s biography.
Second B. Authorwas
born in Greenwich Village, New York City, in 1977. He received the B.S. and
M.S. degrees in aerospace engineering from the University of Virginia,
Charlottesville, in 2001 and the Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from
Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, in 2008.
From 2001 to 2004, he
was a Research Assistant with the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. Since
2009, he has been an Assistant Professor with the Mechanical Engineering
Department, Texas A&M University, College Station. He is the author of
three books, more than 150 articles, and more than 70 inventions. His research
interests include high-pressure and high-density nonthermal plasma discharge
processes and applications, microscale plasma discharges, discharges in
liquids, spectroscopic diagnostics, plasma propulsion, and innovation plasma
applications. He is an Associate Editor of the journal Earth, Moon, Planets,
and holds two patents.
Mr. Author was a
recipient of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy Young
Scientist Award for Excellence in 2008, the IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility
Society Best Symposium Paper Award in 2011, and the American Geophysical Union
Outstanding Student Paper Award in Fall 2005.
Third
C. Author, Jr. (M’87)received the B.S. degree in mechanical
engineering from National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan, in 2004 and
the M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from National TsingHua University,
Hsinchu, Taiwan, in 2006. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in
mechanical engineering at Texas A&M University, College Station.
From 2008 to 2009, he was a Research
Assistant with the Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Tapei, Taiwan. His
research interest includes the development of surface processing and
biological/medical treatment techniques using nonthermal atmospheric pressure
plasmas, fundamental study of plasma sources, and fabrication of micro- or
nanostructured surfaces.
Mr. Author’s awards and
honors include the Frew Fellowship (Australian Academy of Science), the I. I.
Rabi Prize (APS), the European Frequency and Time Forum Award, the Carl Zeiss
Research Award, the William F. Meggers Award and the Adolph Lomb Medal (OSA).
This paragraph of the first footnote will contain
the date on which you submitted your
paper for review. It will also contain support information, including sponsor
and financial support acknowledgment. For example, “This work was supported in
part by the U.S. Department of Commerce under Grant BS123456”.
The next few paragraphs should contain the authors’
current affiliations, including current address and e-mail. For example, F. A.
Author is with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO
80305 USA (e-mail: author@ boulder.nist.gov).
S. B. Author, Jr., was with Rice University, Houston,
TX 77005 USA. He is now with the Department of Physics, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA (e-mail: author@lamar.colostate.edu).
T. C. Author is with the Electrical Engineering
Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, on leave from the
National Research Institute for Metals, Tsukuba, Japan (e-mail:
author@nrim.go.jp).
[1]It is
recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the unnumbered footnote with
the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to integrate the footnote
information into the text.